A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERFECT SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN IDEAL IN WORLD LITERATURE: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS, RESEARCHES, AND ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Utopian literature, human ideal, psychological aspects, identity, agency, moral development, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Jungian archetypes, social identity theory, ethical dilemmas, collective responsibility, individual aspirations, literary analysis, comparative study, societal structures.Abstract
This article presents a comparative study of the perfect society and the human ideal in world literature, emphasizing the psychological aspects that underpin these narratives. By examining texts from various cultural and historical contexts, including Plato's The Republic, Thomas More's Utopia, Yusuf Khass Hajib's Qutadg’u bilig, and contemporary works by Octavia Butler and Ursula K. Le Guin, the study reveals how these literary representations reflect human aspirations, ethical dilemmas, and the quest for identity. Drawing on psychological frameworks such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Jungian archetypes, and social identity theory, the article explores themes of moral development, agency, and the tension between individual desires and communal responsibilities. Ultimately, this analysis highlights how literature not only mirrors the complexities of the human experience but also serves as a catalyst for introspection and ethical consideration in the ongoing pursuit of a just and harmonious society.
References
Butler, O. E. (1993). “Parable of the Sower”. Seven Stories Press.
Khass Hajib, Y. (2006). “Qutadg’u bilig” (Translated by A. H. B.). Brill.
Le Guin, U. K. (1974). “The Dispossessed”. Harper & Row.
More, T. (2003). “Utopia” (Edited by R. M. Adams). Cambridge University Press.
Plato. (1992). *The Republic* (Translated by B. Jowett). Dover Publications.
